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Indonesia is a large group of islands in Southeast Asia, that lies between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. It is along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean. The country's variations in culture have been shaped—although not specifically determined—by centuries of complex interactions with the physical environment. Although Indonesians are now less vulnerable to the effects of nature as a result of improved technology and social programs, to some extent their social diversity has emerged from traditionally different patterns of adjustment to their physical circumstances.
The geographical resources of the Indonesian islands have been exploited in ways that fall into consistent social and historical patterns. One cultural pattern consists of the formerly Indianized, rice-growing peasants in the valleys and plains of Sumatra, Java, and Bali; another cultural complex is composed of the largely Islamic coastal commercial sector; a third, more marginal sector consists of the upland forest farming communities which exist by means of subsistence swidden agriculture. To some degree, these patterns can be linked to the geographical resources themselves, with abundant shoreline, generally calm seas, and steady winds favoring the use of sailing vessels, and fertile valleys and plains—at least in the Greater Sunda Islands—permitting irrigated rice farming. The heavily forested, mountainous interior hinders overland communication by road or river, but fosters slash-and-burn agriculture.
Because Indonesia is multiple islands, the climate is almost entirely tropical. The temperature on the mainland is maintained constant due to the warm waters, which make up 81 percent of Indonesia’s area. The High mountainous region is, on average, 23 degrees Celsius. The lower mountainous area is, on average, 26 degrees Celsius, and the coastal plains average 28 degrees Celsius. Usually the reason for different types of climates is temperature or air pressure, but in Indonesia’s case, rainfall is the cause for the type of climate in Indonesia. The wet season is between November and March. During these months, the average rainfall is 70-125 inches in the low lands. In the mountainous area, the average rainfall is 240 inches. Because of this, the humidity ranges from 70 and 90 percent. Between June and September, monsoons blow in from the south and east, and from the northwest between December and March.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia
Krakatau Volcano
Between Sumatra and Java lies the Krakatau Volcano, in the Sunda Straight. The complex is made up of Panjang, Sertung, Rakata, and Anak Krakatau islands. The Volcano belongs to the Lampung Province. It’s largest explosion was on August 26, 1883, and caused around 36000 deaths due to mass tsunamis. The explosion was equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT. Ever since then the volcano has been dormant for almost 44 years but has now awoken.
The geographical resources of the Indonesian islands have been exploited in ways that fall into consistent social and historical patterns. One cultural pattern consists of the formerly Indianized, rice-growing peasants in the valleys and plains of Sumatra, Java, and Bali; another cultural complex is composed of the largely Islamic coastal commercial sector; a third, more marginal sector consists of the upland forest farming communities which exist by means of subsistence swidden agriculture. To some degree, these patterns can be linked to the geographical resources themselves, with abundant shoreline, generally calm seas, and steady winds favoring the use of sailing vessels, and fertile valleys and plains—at least in the Greater Sunda Islands—permitting irrigated rice farming. The heavily forested, mountainous interior hinders overland communication by road or river, but fosters slash-and-burn agriculture.
Because Indonesia is multiple islands, the climate is almost entirely tropical. The temperature on the mainland is maintained constant due to the warm waters, which make up 81 percent of Indonesia’s area. The High mountainous region is, on average, 23 degrees Celsius. The lower mountainous area is, on average, 26 degrees Celsius, and the coastal plains average 28 degrees Celsius. Usually the reason for different types of climates is temperature or air pressure, but in Indonesia’s case, rainfall is the cause for the type of climate in Indonesia. The wet season is between November and March. During these months, the average rainfall is 70-125 inches in the low lands. In the mountainous area, the average rainfall is 240 inches. Because of this, the humidity ranges from 70 and 90 percent. Between June and September, monsoons blow in from the south and east, and from the northwest between December and March.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia
Krakatau Volcano
Between Sumatra and Java lies the Krakatau Volcano, in the Sunda Straight. The complex is made up of Panjang, Sertung, Rakata, and Anak Krakatau islands. The Volcano belongs to the Lampung Province. It’s largest explosion was on August 26, 1883, and caused around 36000 deaths due to mass tsunamis. The explosion was equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT. Ever since then the volcano has been dormant for almost 44 years but has now awoken.
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/4/8/23487188/4097513.jpg)
This plateau is also known as the Kawah Ijen. In the Ijen Plateau is a turquoise sulfur lake. It is surrounded by the crater walls and is 2148m above sea levels. Because of the massive amounts of sulfur in the lake, there are many sulfur miners. This plateau also consists of many animals and plants such as, coffee plantations, strawberries, and Kopi luwak, which Is a certain type of coffee bean. The homegrown sulfur is a very pure and natural source of sulfuric acid, and is in great demand in the oil refining business. Their pure sulfur is also used for the production of fertilizers.
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Humans are responsible for most of the biodiversity our countries are suffering from. Over population is causing over consumption of natural resources. If Americans would change their lifestyle to lessen the impact on the environment we could minimize biodiversity. Culture comes from the environment which influences people’s adaption to languages, customs, traditions and beliefs. With biodiversity as our elders pass the younger generation lose this culture.
I believe the government should be involved in helping protect cultural diversity. With the help of government funding we can help protect and promote culture so it is not loss for younger generations. Even in my own family we have lost our Spanish language, culture and traditions because our older generation did not pass this on.
The only argument against the government helping fund cultural diversity would be that the United States is already in debt and may not have money to fund this program.
After reading about Australia it made me want to visit. I love to observe new cultures and traditions. I feel it is important that we preserve our plant, animals, environment, beliefs and traditions. The world is great in that everyone is different. Our world would be boring if we were all the same.
I believe the government should be involved in helping protect cultural diversity. With the help of government funding we can help protect and promote culture so it is not loss for younger generations. Even in my own family we have lost our Spanish language, culture and traditions because our older generation did not pass this on.
The only argument against the government helping fund cultural diversity would be that the United States is already in debt and may not have money to fund this program.
After reading about Australia it made me want to visit. I love to observe new cultures and traditions. I feel it is important that we preserve our plant, animals, environment, beliefs and traditions. The world is great in that everyone is different. Our world would be boring if we were all the same.